Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that causes reduced oxygen-rich blood flow to the body. Surgical repair corrects the heart abnormalities and improves circulation and oxygenation.
India
USD 5,000–10,000BEST SAVINGS
Turkey
USD 12,000–25,000Thailand
USD 15,000–30,000UAE
USD 25,000–45,000USA
USD 80,000–150,000Germany
USD 40,000–80,000UK
USD 40,000–75,000Singapore
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Overview
- What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart condition consisting of four related heart abnormalities: a ventricular septal defect (VSD), narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract, an overriding aorta, and thickening of the right ventricular muscle. - What symptoms can TOF cause?
Symptoms depend on the severity of the obstruction. Babies may develop bluish skin or lips, rapid breathing, difficulty feeding, poor weight gain, fatigue, or episodes of sudden worsening cyanosis known as Tet spells. - How is TOF diagnosed?
Echocardiography is the primary diagnostic investigation. ECG, chest imaging, pulse oximetry, CT or cardiac MRI, and cardiac catheterization may be used when additional anatomical or hemodynamic information is needed. - What is a Tet spell?
A Tet spell is an acute episode of worsening cyanosis caused by reduced blood flow to the lungs. It can be life-threatening and requires urgent medical treatment. Severe or recurrent episodes may influence the timing of surgical intervention. - When is surgery required?
Most children with significant TOF require surgical repair. Depending on the child's anatomy and clinical condition, repair may be performed during infancy or earlier when symptoms or severe pulmonary outflow obstruction require it. - How is TOF repaired?
Complete repair generally involves closing the VSD and relieving the obstruction between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries. The exact surgical technique depends on the pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, anatomy of the right ventricular outflow tract, and associated abnormalities. - What are the benefits of TOF repair?
Successful repair improves blood flow to the lungs, increases oxygenation, reduces cyanosis, and supports normal growth and activity. Many children can lead active lives following appropriate treatment and long-term follow-up. - What are the risks and complications?
Possible complications include abnormal heart rhythms, residual VSD, pulmonary valve leakage, narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract or pulmonary arteries, right ventricular dysfunction, and the need for future procedures or pulmonary valve replacement. - Why consider India for TOF treatment?
India has specialized pediatric cardiac centres with congenital-heart surgeons, pediatric cardiologists, cardiac intensive-care facilities, advanced imaging, and experience managing complex congenital heart conditions, often at comparatively lower treatment costs. - How can Medavelle help?
Medavelle can coordinate medical-record review, identify an appropriate pediatric cardiac centre, obtain a treatment recommendation and indicative quotation, and assist with hospital and travel coordination for international patients.
Top Cardiology Hospitals
World-class healthcare facilities specializing in Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with state-of-the-art technology
Expert Doctors for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Board-certified specialists with experience in cardiology treatment planning
FAQs
TOF can usually be surgically repaired, but it is more accurate to describe this as definitive surgical repair rather than a permanent cure. Lifelong cardiac follow-up is generally recommended.
